序言及謝辭
圖版目次
第一章 導論
第一節 概要
第二節 制度大分流
第三節 中國的制度演變
第四節 當代中國制度
第五節 區管式極權制的制度基因之淵源
第六節 制度基因：從帝制到共產極權制度
第七節 從制度基因看臺灣及蘇俄的制度變化
第二章 制度與制度基因：方法論概要
第一節 制度的要素
第二節 制度基因：自我複製並且決定制度演變的基本制度成分
第三章 產權作為制度基因
第一節 產權的概念：最終控制權與權利束
第二節 私有產權作為制度基因
第三節 中國的傳統法律制度：統治工具
第四節 中華帝制的產權與主權
第四章 中華帝制的制度基因及其產生與演變
第一節 中華帝國制度的基本特徵：三位一體結構的制度基因
第二節 中國帝制的起源
第三節 帝制的演變與完善
第四節 中國帝制與憲政之間不可調和的矛盾
第五章 科舉制度和儒教：人事制度和意識形態的制度基因
第一節 儒教－科舉制與基督教－教會的對比
第二節 儒教－科舉制的產生及演變
第三節 儒教－科舉制演變為成熟的制度基因
第四節 基督教－教會作為制度基因
第六章 極權主義意識形態的制度基因
第一節 源於基督教：明斯特極權主義政權
第二節 世俗共產極權主義的誕生
第三節 巴貝夫共產主義的起源：法國啟蒙運動
第四節 馬克思主義：共產極權主義
第七章 極權制的制度基因：沙俄帝國
第一節 中俄帝制的相似之處
第二節 俄羅斯制度基因的起源：蒙古統治下的羅斯地區
第三節 俄羅斯制度基因的起源：東正教和拜占庭帝國的影響
第四節 沙俄帝制為共產極權制提供的制度基因
第五節 沙俄帝制制度基因的產物
第八章 布爾什維克極權主義的誕生
第一節 極權主義黨：布爾什維克
第二節 極權黨奪取政權的制度條件
第三節 建立完整的極權主義制度
第九章 晚清憲政改革與共和革命的失敗
第一節 名存實亡的憲政改革：戊戌變法
第二節 社會達爾文主義的陰影
第三節 從憲政改革到帝國崩潰
第四節 共和革命（民國革命）的失敗（1911-1916）
第五節 革命黨：秘密社會的制度基因
第十章 中國布爾什維克黨的建立
第一節 共產革命的「耶穌會」：共產國際對中國的滲透
第二節 共產國際的中國支部：中國共產黨的建立
第三節 秘密組織：建立中國布爾什維克黨的制度基因
第四節 恐怖統治與極權領袖的崛起
第十一章 建立共產極權主義政權：從中華蘇維埃到人民共和國
第一節 中華蘇維埃共和國的建立
第二節 動員與統治：土地改革與鎮壓反革命
第三節 從區管式的極權制到全面集權的極權制
第四節 全盤蘇化：成熟的經典極權制建立
第十二章 區域管理的極權主義制度
第一節 反右運動：極權主義的恐怖統治
第二節 大躍進：朝區管式極權制推動的第一波浪潮
第三節 文化大革命：區管式極權制的鞏固與強化
第四節 根深蒂固的區管式極權制與理想的破滅
第十三章 分權式威權制的興衰：後毛時代的改革及其終結
第一節 為極權制的生存而進行的改革
第二節 經濟改革：從蘇聯解體汲取的教訓
第三節 走向分權式威權制
第四節 極權主義黨的權力繼承問題
第五節 伴隨經濟改革的制度基因的演變及反演變的鬥爭
第六節 極權統治對經濟增長的制約
第七節 小結
第十四章 結論
第一節 對全人類的巨大挑戰：理解共產極權主義
第二節 制度基因和制度演變的概要
第三節 對極權主義制度的實證分析
第四節 文獻對比
第五節 臺灣的制度基因及制度轉型
第六節 蘇聯中東歐共產極權國家的制度轉型以及制度基因的作用
第七節 關於制度基因概念的結束語
附錄：專有名詞繁簡中文對照表
參考書目
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精選書評 | Featured Book Reviews
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1/2Apr 24, 2025
莫
莫若男
📖 書評｜《那些年，我們一起追的女孩》——刻在青春裡的不只是她，還有那個不成熟但認真的自己
一翻開這本書，仿佛立刻聽見那熟悉的旋律在腦海迴盪。這不只是一部小說或一部電影的故事，它更像是我們每個人心中那段羞澀、衝動、無可取代的青春。
九把刀用了三年構思、一年籌備、十個月拍攝與後製，把文字裡那些荒唐卻動人的回憶，轉化為銀幕上的時光機。他說：「不用傷口，就記住青春裡最重要的事。」——這句話正說中每個讀者與觀眾的心聲。
書中以幽默與真誠交織出的敘事節奏，讓人一邊捧腹、一邊鼻酸。主角們的對話、衝突與默默的守候，全都像極了我們曾經歷過的校園時光。那場青春的潮水雖已退去，但我們內心的悸動，依然在。
這本電影書衣版更延續了聶永真設計的電影先導海報封面，視覺上極具收藏價值。不只如此，它也見證了一部台灣青春電影的里程碑——榮獲觀眾票選獎、創下高票房預估、被譽為二十年來最好的電影之一。這些成就不僅屬於導演與演員，更屬於我們這一代人對「青春」的共同記憶。
心中最難忘的一句話：「我的青春，都是妳。」
這句話，值得你帶著曾經喜歡過的人，一起再讀一遍。
See moreApr 24, 2025
M
Moonlight
When I first met Zezé, the five-year-old at the heart of My Sweet Orange Tree, I was swept into his world—a world that is both harsh and full of wonder. Zezé lives in a poor neighborhood in Brazil, and his life is anything but easy. He’s clever, mischievous, and always getting into trouble, but it’s clear he’s just searching for love and understanding.
As I read, I couldn’t help but feel for Zezé every time he faced punishment or felt misunderstood by the adults around him. Yet, what touched me most was his incredible imagination. Whenever Zezé felt lonely, he would talk to his best friend—a little orange tree in his yard. Through his conversations with the tree, I saw how he found comfort and hope, even when things were tough.
The story became even more moving when Zezé met Portuga, a kind man who treated him with the care and respect he so desperately needed. Their friendship warmed my heart and reminded me how powerful kindness can be.
What really stood out to me was the writing style. José Mauro de Vasconcelos writes with a simplicity and honesty that makes Zezé’s voice feel real and immediate. The language is easy to follow, yet it carries deep emotion. Through Zezé’s eyes, even ordinary moments become vivid and meaningful. The author’s style draws you in gently, making you feel every joy, sorrow, and dream right alongside Zezé.
Reading My Sweet Orange Tree was an emotional journey. I laughed at Zezé’s playful antics, felt my heart ache during his struggles, and finished the book with a sense of hope. This story reminded me that even in the hardest times, imagination and friendship can help us survive. I believe anyone who picks up this book will be touched by Zezé’s story, just as I was.
See moreApr 23, 2025
GL
Gabriel L.
Adam LeBor’s The Last Days of Budapest is a highly readable, well-researched account of wartime Budapest, praised for its engaging and accessible style. LeBor skillfully blends personal stories with historical analysis, making the book clear and compelling even for readers without a deep background in World War II or Hungarian history.
With its strong readability and narrative depth, this book is an excellent choice for both general readers and history enthusiasts seeking an insightful look into one of Europe’s most cosmopolitan cities during its darkest days.
See moreApr 23, 2025
W
William
Adam LeBor’s The Last Days of Budapest
The Destruction of Europe’s Most Cosmopolitan Capital in World War II is a compelling and meticulously researched account of one of the most dramatic episodes of the Second World War. LeBor, an acclaimed journalist and historian, offers readers a deeply immersive narrative that captures the complexity and tragedy of Budapest’s siege during the war’s final months.
Drawing on newly discovered diaries, archival material, and firsthand interviews, LeBor reconstructs the city’s transformation from a vibrant, cosmopolitan capital into a battleground marked by devastation, deprivation, and profound human suffering. His ability to weave together the experiences of diplomats, soldiers, civilians, and members of Budapest’s Jewish community provides a multi-layered perspective that is both historically rigorous and emotionally resonant.
What distinguishes this work is LeBor’s skill in balancing the broader geopolitical context with intimate portraits of individuals navigating extraordinary circumstances. The book not only documents the destruction of a great European city but also highlights the resilience and courage of its inhabitants amid unimaginable adversity.
The Last Days of Budapest is essential reading for anyone interested in World War II, European history, or urban studies. Adam LeBor’s authoritative and engaging narrative ensures that this overlooked chapter of history receives the attention it deserves. I highly recommend this book to scholars, students, and general readers alike who seek a nuanced and powerful exploration of Budapest’s darkest days.
See moreApr 2, 2025
樹
樹洞
[我所看見的未來]是一部別具特色的漫畫書，融合了夢境解析與預言元素。作者以理性角度審視自身的夢境經歷，細緻比對現實情況，沒有過度渲染或誇大其詞，讓人讀來倍感真誠。書中還收錄了作者創作的漫畫故事，內容豐富，讀來輕鬆有趣。對預言學有興趣的讀者，即使對這本書的背景毫無了解，也能從中找到樂趣。
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Mar 21, 2025
C
Carolyn
This book offers a deep dive into the art of picture book illustration through interviews with 21 influential illustrators. Leonard Marcus explores their childhoods, inspirations, creative choices, and the lasting impact of their work on children's literature. The reviewer, a librarian who admits to being a "dodo bird" when it comes to artwork, finds the book enlightening, providing a greater appreciation for illustration techniques and storytelling.
Each interview reveals unique artistic influences, from Vera Williams’ Bauhaus-inspired use of color and light to Maurice Sendak’s bold departure from the sentimental Victorian past. Mo Willems, inspired by Where the Wild Things Are, highlights the importance of humor and failure in storytelling. The book compares illustrators to different flavors of Ben & Jerry’s ice cream, capturing their distinct styles and personalities.
Marcus’ well-researched interviews feature engaging, unexpected answers and strong chapter-ending quotes. The book also sparks ideas for school and online educators, offering creative ways to engage students with literature. Educators, whether in classrooms or virtual spaces, can draw inspiration from activities like Lois Ehlert’s milk carton aquariums and Tana Hoban’s photography project, which helped children see their surroundings in a new way. While not for casual readers, this book is essential for librarians, teachers, and online literature educators, transforming "dodo brains" into an "electrically charged force field" of inspiration.
Each interview reveals unique artistic influences, from Vera Williams’ Bauhaus-inspired use of color and light to Maurice Sendak’s push beyond the sentimental Victorian past. Mo Willems, inspired by Where the Wild Things Are, emphasizes that "failure is funny" in storytelling. The book compares illustrators to different flavors of Ben & Jerry’s ice cream, capturing their distinct styles and personalities.
Marcus’ well-researched interviews feature engaging, unexpected answers and strong chapter-ending quotes. The book also sparks ideas for school activities, like Lois Ehlert’s milk carton aquariums and Tana Hoban’s photography project that helped children see their surroundings anew. While not for casual readers, this book is a must-read for librarians and educators passionate about picture books, turning "dodo brains" into an "electrically charged force field" of inspiration.
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Feb 27, 2025
A
Angela
This Must Be the Place (Vintage Contemporaries) by Maggie O'Farrell
Some books unfold in a way that feels like memory—fragmented, nonlinear, sometimes unclear but always rich with feeling. This Must Be The Place is one of those books.
At the center is Daniel Sullivan, a man who is both deeply intelligent and deeply flawed. A linguist who struggles with communication, a father haunted by his absence, a husband trying to hold on to something fragile. His life moves across continents—New York, Ireland, England, California—each place carrying a piece of his past and the weight of his choices.
Claudette, his wife, is a former actress who has disappeared from the public eye, retreating into a quiet life in rural Ireland. Their love is tender but complicated, shaped as much by what they don’t say as by what they do. The novel jumps through time and perspectives, showing how relationships shift, how people drift in and out of each other’s lives, and how the past never really stays in the past.
Reading this book felt like sifting through someone’s memories—sometimes clear, sometimes hazy, but always carrying an emotional weight. It’s not a straightforward story, and I found myself flipping back at times, reorienting myself in its shifting timelines. But rather than being frustrating, it felt natural, like the way we recall our own lives in moments rather than in order.
What I regret about reading this book is that I rushed through certain chapters, eager to see how it all fit together. In doing so, I may have missed some of the quieter moments, the ones that reveal more upon a slower, more careful reading. It’s a book that deserves patience—one I might return to, not to chase the plot, but to sit with its characters, to notice what I overlooked the first time.
It’s a novel about love, regret, and the way people remain with us, even when they’re no longer there. Some parts hit unexpectedly hard. Others made me pause and sit with the weight of them. It’s not a book that rushes to explain itself, but one that allows you to linger in its world, to connect the pieces at your own pace.
If you like stories that feel layered and lived-in, this one stays with you.
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1/3Feb 27, 2025
大
大雄
我不是專業食評家，但我是個離開香港後，依然靠味覺記憶撐下去的人。這本書，對我來說不只是一本寫食物的書，而是一道回家的路。
香港奶茶的醇厚、海南雞飯的滑嫩、一盅兩件的點心香氣……這些我熟悉的味道，早已成為回憶裡最柔軟的角落。而福建麵，更是我每次想家的時候，腦海裡第一個浮現的味道——濃濃的蝦湯，吸滿湯汁的麵條，還有那一口吞下去時的滿足感。
現在，身在海外，這些味道已經不是每天觸手可及的幸福，而是一種遙不可及的鄉愁。這本書就像一封寫給遊子的情書，一頁一頁翻過去，都是熟悉的氣味和記憶。我彷彿聽見街邊檔口師傅熟練的吆喝，感受到茶餐廳裡熱氣騰騰的喧囂，甚至聞到那碗福建麵剛端上桌時的香氣。
這不只是一本關於食物的書，而是一場記憶的盛宴，讓人邊讀邊懷念，甚至忍不住想立刻動手煮一碗福建麵，彷彿這樣就能離家近一點。如果你也曾為了一口家鄉味而輾轉難眠，那麼這本書，你一定要讀。
See moreFeb 18, 2025
AB
Amanda Bok
《野鄰居 – 香港兩棲》｜讓孩子認識香港的野生動物
身為住在美國的香港媽媽，我一直想讓孩子了解家鄉的自然生態。但他們對香港的印象只有高樓大廈，完全不知道那裡也有豐富的野生動物，直到我們讀了 《野鄰居 – 香港兩棲》！
這本中英雙語繪本介紹了24 種香港的青蛙和蠑螈，有精美插畫和有趣的小知識，讓孩子邊學中文邊認識這些可愛的「野鄰居」。
孩子們發現，原來香港有會爬樹的小棕樹蛙，還有像迷你恐龍的香港瘰螈，真的很驚喜！這本書不只帶來知識，也讓我們更珍惜香港的大自然。
如果你也想讓孩子更認識香港，不只是點心和迪士尼，而是真正的本土野生動物。
See moreFeb 12, 2025
送
送給我的婆婆
喺閱讀陳靜宜嘅《我說福建麵，你說蝦麵》之後，我不禁回想起童年嘅美好回憶。每逢放學，原籍福建的婆婆總會準備熱騰騰嘅福建麵，嗰股熟悉嘅香味，好似時光倒流咁，令我又重新感受到當時嘅溫暖同幸福。
呢本書唔單止係講述福建麵同蝦麵嘅歷史同文化，佢深入探討咗馬來西亞獨特嘅飲食文化，尤其係呢兩種麵嘅起源同演變。對我嚟講，好像係一段旅程，帶領我穿越咗過去，重新認識自己嘅家鄉味。
陳靜宜以細膩又生動嘅筆觸，描寫咗馬來西亞多元文化嘅飲食特色，仲透過比較台灣同周邊國家嘅相似食物，讓我更加深刻咁理解咗唔同地區嘅美食風味。
雖然我婆婆而家已經唔喺度, 但係透過閱讀完呢本書，我不單止重溫咗婆婆嘅味道，更加對馬來西亞嘅飲食文化有咗更深入嘅認識。每一口福建麵同蝦麵，唔單止係滋味，更係背後嘅故事同情感，呢本書帶俾我嘅係親切的回憶。
See moreFeb 7, 2025
惠
惠銘
我從來不知道，比爾・蓋茲的童年故事竟然這麼有趣又有共鳴。這本自傳完全聚焦在他的早年人生，從小男孩到少年程式狂熱者，讓我看見一個截然不同的蓋茲。他不是一開始就注定成功，而是一點一滴靠著對編程的熱愛和不服輸的個性，走到今天。
我最喜歡的一幕是蓋茲十三歲時第一次接觸電腦。他形容寫程式像解謎，讓他的大腦無時無刻都在轉動，甚至為了能多用一點電腦，他半夜偷偷溜出家門，錯過最後一班公車也毫不在意，直接走路回家。這種對編程的執著，真的讓人佩服。
還有很多場景特別生動，像是他和外婆玩牌，每次都輸卻從不放棄，或者在學校裝作隨意，其實回家拼命讀書，努力維持「輕鬆學霸」的形象。這些細節讓我覺得，比爾・蓋茲真的很「人性化」，不是我們想像中冷酷的科技大佬。
讀完這本書，我終於明白，家人、老師、同學在他成長過程中的影響有多深遠。也正因如此，他才有勇氣在不到二十歲時創業，開啟屬於自己的時代，並最終改變了整個世界。
See moreFeb 5, 2025
E
Ellen
had no idea Marguerite de la Rocque’s story was real—a noblewoman abandoned on an island in 16th-century New France. The writing pulled me in immediately, with vivid descriptions and a heroine fighting for survival and independence.
This isn’t a fairytale. It’s a harsh, historically accurate look at life for women in the 1500s—where superstition and religion ruled, and even noblewomen had little power. The depiction of the New World feels raw and wild, adding to the intensity.
Perfect for fans of historical fiction, especially those who loved The Marriage Portrait or Barkskins for their focus on survival and early colonization.
See moreFeb 5, 2025
S
Sara
Isola is a beautifully crafted tale based on the true story of Marguerite de la Rocque. Set in the 16th century, it follows Marguerite, a noblewoman orphaned as a child and placed under the care of the cruel Roberval. He squanders her inheritance and forces her on an expedition to New France, where her forbidden love leads to abandonment on a desolate island with little hope of survival.
Goodman’s lyrical writing vividly captures the island’s harshness and Marguerite’s transformation from a sheltered noblewoman to a fierce survivor. The story is both heartbreaking and inspiring, balancing themes of loss, resilience, and strength in the face of overwhelming odds.
Fans of historical fiction will find Isola a powerful and haunting tale of survival and self-discovery.
See moreFeb 5, 2025
J
Jodi
Isola is a gripping and emotionally charged novel that immerses readers in the raw beauty and brutality of survival. Allegra Goodman masterfully brings to life the tragic yet empowering story of Marguerite de la Rocque, a young woman cast away on a desolate island in the 16th century.
The story follows Marguerite, a noblewoman thrust into a harsh reality when her guardian, Roberval, gambles away her inheritance and drags her on a dangerous expedition to New France. What begins as a tale of loss and betrayal transforms into an intense fight for survival after Marguerite’s love affair with Roberval’s secretary is discovered. Marguerite and her loyal servant, Damienne, are abandoned on a rocky island with minimal supplies and forced to battle hunger, freezing weather, and despair.
Goodman’s writing is both lyrical and haunting, capturing the stark contrast between Marguerite’s former life of privilege and the unrelenting wilderness she must now endure. The relationship between Marguerite and Damienne is tender and complex, offering a glimpse of love and resilience amid overwhelming hardship. The survival scenes are particularly powerful—each moment brimming with tension, grief, and fleeting hope.
What sets Isola apart is its foundation in historical events. Knowing that Marguerite de la Rocque’s story is inspired by true history makes her journey even more poignant. Goodman breathes new life into this nearly forgotten figure, turning Marguerite into a symbol of defiance, strength, and rebirth.
Fans of historical fiction and survival stories will find Isola utterly captivating. It’s a novel about survival in its most literal sense, but also about finding one’s faith, identity, and inner strength when everything else is stripped away. This beautifully written tale will linger in your mind long after you turn the last page.
Highly recommended!
See moreJan 8, 2025
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Cheryl Chen
I’m not someone who collects books—I usually pass them along. But this one is staying with me. I know I’ll read it again because each time, it will reveal something new about myself. As someone with sisters, the relationships in this story stirred deep emotions and brought back so many memories. This isn’t just a book I enjoyed—it’s one I’ll treasure, along with the beautifully brought-to-life characters who now feel like old friends.
See moreJan 8, 2025
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Charlotte
When I first picked up March by Geraldine Brooks, I wasn’t sure what to expect. Like many, I grew up loving Little Women, but I never gave much thought to Mr. March’s life away from home. Brooks changed that for me.
The story dives into what Robert March experienced during the Civil War, a time when he left his wife and four daughters behind to serve as a Union chaplain. Through his eyes, we see the brutal realities of war, the weight of his ideals, and the constant tug-of-war between his duty to his country and his family.
What struck me most was how Brooks captured his humanity—his flaws, his hopes, and his heartbreak. She doesn’t sugarcoat the sacrifices or shy away from the complexities of his choices. By the end, I felt like I truly understood what it means to carry the burden of both love and duty.
This book is more than a companion to Little Women—it’s a powerful, stand-alone story that lingers long after you’ve turned the last page.
See moreJan 8, 2025
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Barbara O’Connor
I think the Pulitzer committee made a wise choice.
Jan 8, 2025
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The Winds
A Compelling Biography of a Billionaire Dissident
Mark Clifford’s account of Jimmy Lai’s extraordinary life offers more than just the story of a man—it’s also a vivid exploration of Hong Kong’s history and struggles. From Lai’s arrival in the 1960s as a 12-year-old refugee from mainland China, working in a clothing factory, to his current status as Hong Kong’s most prominent political prisoner, the book captures a journey marked by resilience, faith, and an unyielding fight for freedom.
As Western media often overlooks Hong Kong’s plight, this book is essential reading. Pick up a copy, and share it widely to shed light on a story that deserves greater attention.
See moreDec 29, 2024
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Claire
讀完《力》，我的內心久久無法平靜。這本書不只是講述暴力，而是透過角色的經歷，探討暴力如何影響人性，以及人們如何找到力量與希望。
周郁芬的故事特別觸動我。她逃離不幸婚姻，卻因此傷害了孩子，讓我不禁思考自由與責任的平衡。還有洪安安，渴望父親認同卻深陷家庭暴力陰影，那種矛盾感讓人心疼。
故事背景橫跨政界、黑幫、學院和家庭，看似複雜，卻環環相扣。作者寫得真實，讓我感受到暴力不僅是外在行為，也是一種內在掙扎。然而，即使困境重重，角色們仍努力尋找出路，有人選擇離開，有人選擇和解，這讓我看到了希望。
See moreDec 8, 2024
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欣
水深之處是一本很真摯的作品。當中的情節和情感很動人，讓我想起自己與情緒病鬥爭的日子，亦讓我想到家人和朋友對我的支持和鼓勵。
